Diabetic cardiomyopathy—What do we know about it?

What do We Know about Natural Diets and how do We Know it?

The care and feeding of primates in captivity, be they human or other, seems based on a somewhat limited scientific basis. Observation of pathologies or limitations that have been related to nutritional or metabolic “misadventures” perhaps has been the foundation [1,2], at least in earlier times for design of “optimal diets.” That has changed from recommendations related to “four basic food gro...

Superior Capsule Reconstruction: What Do We Know?

The management of irreparable rotator cuff tears remains challenging. Since its introduction by Mihata in 2012, superiorcapsule reconstruction (SCR) has grown in popularity at an astonishingly rapid rate. The aim of this article is to providea comprehensive review of the available literature, in order to highlight what has so far been published on SCR,covering all aspects including biomechanica...

Do We Know What We Do not Know? A Response to Celine Bonnet

Q&A: What do we know about influenza and what can we do about it?

Influenza pandemics occur when human populations are infected by a variant virus to which a population has no prior immunity. What are the crucial varying genes? The crucial genes are those encoding the two viral surface proteins hemagglutinin (H or HA) and neuraminidase (N or NA). The influenza A viruses [1] that infect mammals like us replicate principally in the epithelial cells of the airwa...

What do we know and when do we know it?

Two essential aspects of virtual screening are considered: experimental design and performance metrics. In the design of any retrospective virtual screen, choices have to be made as to the purpose of the exercise. Is the goal to compare methods? Is the interest in a particular type of target or all targets? Are we simulating a 'real-world' setting, or teasing out distinguishing features of a me...